Egyptian Uprising

January 25, 2011: Day of Anger

Protests Erupt: Demonstrations began across Egypt, notably in Cairo's Tahrir Square, Alexandria, Suez, and Ismaïlia. The protests were organized by groups such as the 6 April Youth Movement and the National Association for Change, coinciding with National Police Day to protest police brutality and demand President Hosni Mubarak's resignation.
Casualties: Clashes between protesters and police resulted in at least three deaths and numerous injuries.

January 26, 2011: Escalation in Suez

Increased Violence: Protests intensified, especially in Suez, where demonstrators faced live ammunition. Government buildings, including police stations, were set ablaze.

January 28, 2011: Friday of Anger

Nationwide Protests: Millions participated in protests across Egypt. The government imposed a curfew and disrupted internet and mobile services to hinder coordination among protesters.
Police Withdrawal: As clashes escalated, police forces withdrew, and the military was deployed to maintain order.

February 1, 2011: Mubarak's Address

Pledge Not to Seek Re-election: President Mubarak announced he would not run in the upcoming September elections but refused to step down immediately. This concession failed to appease protesters, who continued to demand his immediate resignation.

February 11, 2011: Mubarak Resigns

Power Transfer: Vice President Omar Suleiman announced that Mubarak had resigned, transferring authority to the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces (SCAF) led by Field Marshal Mohamed Hussein Tantawi. This marked a significant victory for the protesters.

Post-Revolution Developments

March 19, 2011: Constitutional Referendum: A referendum on constitutional amendments was held, passing with 77.27% approval.
June 30, 2012: Morsi's Election: Mohamed Morsi of the Muslim Brotherhood was elected president, becoming Egypt's first democratically elected leader.
June 30, 2013: Mass Protests Against Morsi: Millions protested against Morsi's government, leading to his ousting by the military on July 3, 2013.

Key Figures

Hosni Mubarak: President of Egypt from 1981 until his resignation in 2011.
Omar Suleiman: Appointed Vice President during the uprising; announced Mubarak's resignation.
Mohamed Hussein Tantawi: Head of SCAF, assumed power after Mubarak's resignation.
Mohamed Morsi: Elected president in 2012; later removed from office in 2013.
Alaa Abd el-Fattah: Prominent activist and blogger, played a significant role during the uprising and faced multiple imprisonments for his activism.

Authoritarian Rule & Corruption – Decades of dictatorship under President Hosni Mubarak, political repression, and widespread government corruption fueled public anger.
Police Brutality & Human Rights Violations – The brutal treatment of citizens, including the killing of activist Khaled Said by police in 2010, sparked outrage and protests.
Economic Hardship & Unemployment – High poverty rates, youth unemployment, and rising food prices left many Egyptians struggling, creating frustration with the government.
Lack of Political Freedom – Suppression of opposition parties, election fraud, and lack of free speech made citizens demand democratic reforms.
Inspiration from the Arab Spring – The successful revolution in Tunisia encouraged Egyptians to rise up against their own government.

Resignation of Hosni Mubarak – After 18 days of mass protests, Mubarak stepped down on February 11, 2011, ending his 30-year rule.
Rise of the Muslim Brotherhood – The political vacuum allowed Islamist groups like the Muslim Brotherhood to gain power, leading to the election of Mohamed Morsi.
Military Takeover & Instability – In 2013, the military ousted Morsi, leading to ongoing political unrest and government crackdowns.
Economic Decline – The revolution disrupted tourism, foreign investment, and economic growth, worsening the financial crisis.
New Constitution & Reforms – Egypt adopted a new constitution in 2014, granting more power to the military while restricting freedoms and opposition.