Angela Merkel, born Angela Dorothea Kasner on July 17, 1954, in Hamburg, West Germany, is a German politician who served as the Chancellor of Germany from 2005 to 2021. She is widely regarded as one of the most powerful women in the world and one of the most influential political leaders in Europe during her tenure.

Merkel was raised in the rural town of Templin in East Germany, where her father, Horst Kasner, was a Lutheran pastor, and her mother, Herlind Kasner, was a teacher of English and Latin. Merkel was a bright student, excelling in mathematics and languages, and she eventually pursued a degree in physics at the University of Leipzig, earning a doctorate in quantum chemistry in 1986. Her scientific background is often cited as contributing to her analytical approach to politics.

After the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 and the subsequent reunification of Germany, Merkel became involved in politics. She joined the newly formed Democratic Awakening party, which later merged with the Christian Democratic Union (CDU). Merkel's rise in politics was rapid. In 1990, she was elected to the Bundestag, the German federal parliament, representing the CDU. Soon after, she was appointed Minister for Women and Youth in Chancellor Helmut Kohl's cabinet. Kohl, who was her political mentor, referred to her as "das Mädchen" ("the girl").

In 1994, Merkel was appointed Minister for the Environment, Nature Conservation, and Nuclear Safety, where she played a crucial role in environmental policy and was recognized for her pragmatic and cautious approach. After the CDU's defeat in the 1998 federal election, Merkel became Secretary-General of the CDU. In 2000, she succeeded Wolfgang Schäuble as the leader of the CDU, making her the first woman to lead the party.

Merkel became Germany's first female chancellor in 2005, leading a grand coalition between the CDU, its Bavarian sister party the Christian Social Union (CSU), and the Social Democratic Party (SPD). During her time as Chancellor, Merkel was known for her calm and pragmatic leadership style, which earned her the nickname "Mutti" (Mom) among Germans.

Throughout her tenure, Merkel faced numerous challenges, including the global financial crisis of 2007-2008, the European debt crisis, the migrant crisis, and the COVID-19 pandemic. Her policies were characterized by a focus on fiscal austerity, a commitment to the European Union, and a humanitarian approach to the migrant crisis, where she famously declared, "Wir schaffen das" ("We can do this"), in response to the influx of refugees in 2015.

Merkel was also known for her cautious approach to foreign policy, balancing relations with major powers like the United States, Russia, and China. She played a key role in the EU's response to the financial crisis and was a central figure in the negotiations that led to the Brexit agreement.

Angela Merkel's leadership style was often described as cautious, pragmatic, and consensus-oriented. She was seen as a steady hand in turbulent times, and her ability to navigate complex political landscapes earned her respect both in Germany and internationally. Merkel announced in 2018 that she would not seek re-election as Chancellor or as the leader of the CDU, signaling the end of an era in German and European politics. She officially stepped down as Chancellor in December 2021, succeeded by Olaf Scholz.

Merkel's legacy is significant, as she is credited with maintaining Germany's economic strength, stabilizing the European Union during multiple crises, and promoting a humanitarian approach to global issues. However, her policies, particularly on immigration and austerity, also faced criticism and sparked debates that continue to influence German and European politics.

REFERENCE:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angela_Merkel