MSWATI III

Mswati III, born Makhosetive on April 19, 1968, in Manzini, is the reigning Ngwenyama (King) of Eswatini and head of the Swazi royal family. Ascending to the throne on April 25, 1986, at just 18 years old, Mswati III became the world’s youngest monarch at the time. He leads Africa’s last absolute monarchy, wielding unparalleled authority over all branches of government and holding the power to rule by decree. Despite introducing a constitution in 2006 that nominally grants freedom of speech and assembly, these rights are often curtailed in practice, with political dissent harshly punished.

Mswati III’s reign is characterized by his close collaboration with his mother, Queen Mother Ntfombi Tfwala, also known as Ndlovukati, who plays a significant advisory role. Together, they maintain strict control over Eswatini's governance, with the king overseeing local chiefs and making key appointments, including the prime minister. Although he restored the Parliament dissolved by his father, King Sobhuza II, Mswati retains substantial influence over its members, ensuring the concentration of power remains firmly within the monarchy.

Throughout his reign, Mswati III has faced widespread criticism for his opulent lifestyle, which starkly contrasts with the severe poverty experienced by much of the Eswatini population. While the king enjoys luxury cars, bespoke watches, and lavish palaces, over half of the country's citizens live below the poverty line. His wealth and expenditures have sparked protests, particularly in light of the country's ongoing economic struggles.

Mswati III is also known for his practice of polygamy, currently having 15 wives and 45 children. His first two wives were chosen by national counselors, and according to tradition, he only marries his fiancées once they have proven their ability to bear heirs. Controversies have surrounded his marriages, including allegations of kidnapping women he desired to marry and other human rights abuses.

In 2018, in a move to reclaim the nation’s pre-colonial identity, Mswati III decreed the country's name change from Swaziland to Eswatini. Despite the name change, the challenges facing his reign remain significant, with ongoing pro-democracy protests, economic hardships, and international criticism of his governance. Reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mswati_III