MARC RAVALOMANANA

Marc Ravalomanana, born on December 12, 1949, in Imerinkasinina, Madagascar, grew up in a rural village where his family made a modest living as peddlers before opening a small shop. As a young boy, he would walk several miles to school each day, sometimes selling watercress to train passengers to help support his family. This early experience instilled in him a sense of resilience and resourcefulness that would later shape his career.

After completing his education, Ravalomanana began producing homemade yogurt, collecting milk from local farmers and launching his first production center in 1977. This venture eventually grew into Tiko, Madagascar’s largest dairy company. Through shrewd business decisions, including securing favorable World Bank funding, Ravalomanana expanded Tiko into a major agribusiness, offering a wide range of products like fruit juice, ice cream, and cooking oil under the brand slogan "Vita Malagasy" (Made in Madagascar). His success allowed him to acquire significant assets, including a villa once owned by a colonial governor, marking his rise as a powerful economic figure in Madagascar.

Ravalomanana entered politics in 1999, running for mayor of Antananarivo. His significant campaign efforts paid off as he won the election with 45% of the vote. As mayor, he improved city infrastructure and balanced the budget, earning widespread support. His popularity propelled him into the 2001 presidential race, where he presented himself as a self-made entrepreneur, distinct from the established political elite. His victory, though disputed, led to a prolonged standoff with incumbent Didier Ratsiraka, which finally ended with Ravalomanana’s inauguration in 2002.

As president, Ravalomanana implemented pro-business reforms, reduced ties with France, and sought partnerships with countries like the United States and South Korea. He initiated anti-corruption measures, expanded protected natural areas, and secured debt relief, all contributing to significant economic growth. Despite these achievements, critics argued that his administration primarily benefited his business interests. Nonetheless, he maintained strong public support, winning re-election in 2006 and introducing the Madagascar Action Plan, a comprehensive development strategy aimed at improving governance, infrastructure, and environmental sustainability.

Ravalomanana’s second term, however, was marred by growing opposition. Rising authoritarian tendencies, allegations of corruption, and a controversial purchase of a presidential jet stirred discontent. His conflict with Andry Rajoelina, then mayor of Antananarivo, reached a boiling point in 2009. Following violent protests and shifting military support, Ravalomanana resigned and went into exile as Rajoelina assumed control in what was widely regarded as a coup.

While in exile, Ravalomanana faced legal challenges from the transitional government, including fines and prison sentences in absentia. Although pressured by the Southern African Development Community (SADC) to step back from politics, he returned to the political stage in the 2018 presidential election, finishing as a runner-up to Rajoelina. Ravalomanana ran again in 2023, highlighting his enduring influence in Malagasy politics.

A devout Christian, Ravalomanana held leadership roles in his church, reflecting his strong faith throughout his life. He also owns the Malagasy Broadcasting System, a media group that operates both radio and television station.

Reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Ravalomanana